Abstract Exchange-biasing phenomenon can induce an evident unidirectional hysteresis loop shift by spin coupling effect in the ferromagnetic (FM)/antiferromagnetic (AFM) interface which can be applied in magnetoresistance random access memory (MRAM) and recording-head applications. However. magnetic properties are the most important to AFM texturing. In this work. https://cosmeticssquadets.shop/product-category/eyelash-primer/