Abstract Background The positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) for the mechanical ventilation of small animals is frequently obtained with water seals or by using ventilators developed for human use. An alternative mechanism is the use of an on-off expiratory valve closing at the moment when the alveolar pressure is equal to the target PEEP. In this paper. a novel PEEP controller (PE... https://safeersappliancers.shop/product-category/induction-range-cooker/